(1) Emulsification: Since the surface tension of the oil in the water is large, when the oil is dripped in the water, the oil is pulverized into fine beads and mixed with each other to form an emulsion, but the stirring is stopped and the layer is re-layered. If a surfactant is added, it is stirred vigorously, and it is not easy to stratify for a long time after stopping, which is emulsification. The reason is that the hydrophobicity of the oil and fat is surrounded by the hydrophilic group of the active agent, forming a directional attraction, reducing the work required for the oil to disperse in the water, and allowing the oil to be well emulsified.
(2) Wetting: A layer of wax, grease or scaly material is often adhered to the surface of the part. These substances are hydrophobic. Due to the contamination of these materials, the surface of the part is not easily wetted by water. When a surfactant is added to the aqueous solution, the water droplets on the part are easily dispersed, so that the surface tension of the part is greatly reduced to achieve the purpose of wetting.
(3) Solubilization: After the surfactant is added to the oil, it can be dissolved, but this dissolution can only occur when the concentration of the surfactant reaches the critical concentration of the colloid. The solubility depends on the solubilizing object and properties. Decide. In terms of solubilization, long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains are stronger than short hydrocarbon chains, saturated hydrocarbon chains are stronger than unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, and nonionic surfactant solubilization is generally more significant.
(4) Dispersion: Solid particles such as dust and dirt particles are relatively easy to aggregate together, and sedimentation easily occurs in water. The molecules of the surfactant can divide the solid particle aggregate into fine particles, and disperse and suspend it in the solution. It acts to promote uniform dispersion of solid particles.
(5) Foam action: The formation of foam is mainly the directional adsorption of the active agent, which is caused by the decrease of the surface tension between the gas and liquid phases. Generally, the low molecular weight active agent is easy to foam, the polymer active agent foam is less, the soybean meal yellow yellow has the highest foaming property, the sodium stearate has the worst foaming property, and the anionic active agent foaming property and foam stability are better than the nonionic type. For example, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate is very foamy. Commonly used foam stabilizers are fatty alcohol amides, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc., and foam inhibitors include fatty acids, fatty acid esters, polyethers, and the like, and other nonionic surfactants.
Shaoxing Shangyu Simo Research institute of organic Chemistry
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