The mechanism of crude oil demulsifier is phase transfer-reverse deformation mechanism. A phase transition occurs after the addition of the demulsifier, i.e., a surfactant (inverse demulsifier) of the type opposite to the emulsion formed by the emulsifier can be formed. Such demulsifiers act on the emulsifier of hydrophobic water to form a complex, thereby causing the emulsifier to lose its emulsifying properties. Collision breaks the interface membrane mechanism. Under the condition of heating or stirring, the demulsifier has many chances to collide with the interface film of the emulsion, or adsorb on the interface film, or exclude the replacement part of the surface active material, thereby breaking the interface film, so that the stability is greatly reduced, and the occurrence occurs. Flocculation, coalescence and demulsification.
Crude oil emulsions often occur in the production and refining of oils. The world's major crude oils are produced in the form of an emulsion. An emulsion consists of at least two immiscible liquids. One of them is suspended in another liquid by a very fine dispersion such as a droplet of about 1 mm diameter.
One of these liquids is usually water and the other is often oil. The oil may be extremely finely dispersed in the water. In this case, the emulsion is an oil-in-water type. Water is called the continuous phase, and oil is called the dispersed phase. Conversely, if the oil is the continuous phase and the water is the dispersed phase, the emulsion is referred to as the water-in-oil type. Most crude oil emulsions fall into this category.
There are many types of demulsifiers, which can be classified into cationic, anionic, nonionic and two-type ionic demulsifiers according to the classification method of surfactants. Anionic demulsifiers include carboxylates, sulfonates and polyoxyethylene fatty sulfates, which have the disadvantages of large dosage, poor effect, and easy to be affected by electrolytes; the cationic demulsifiers mainly have quaternary ammonium salts. Class, which has obvious effect on thin oil, but is not suitable for heavy oil and aging oil; non-ionic type mainly has block polyether with amine as initiator and block polyether with alcohol as initiator. Alkyl phenolic resin block polyether, phenol amine aldehyde resin block polyether, silicon-containing demulsifier, ultra high molecular weight demulsifier, polyphosphate, modified product of block polyether and imidazoline crude oil demulsifier The two types of ionic demulsifiers are represented.
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